As a tech enthusiast and entrepreneur, I’ve often wondered how to make a car marketplace app like AutoScout24. AutoScout24 is Europe’s largest online car marketplace, boasting over 30 million monthly users and more than 2 million vehicle listings across 18 countries. The car marketplace industry is booming: 95% of vehicle buyers rely on digital resources during their car-buying journey, and twice as many consumers start their research online versus at a dealership. In fact, Europe’s used car market was valued around $725 billion in 2024, with online demand surging by 17% in 2024. These trends show a huge opportunity for a new AutoScout24 clone app.
In this comprehensive guide, I’ll share my experience and research on how to create a car marketplace app like AutoScout24. We’ll cover everything from an AutoScout24 clone’s features and tech stack to the step-by-step development process, costs, timeline, monetization strategies, and legal considerations. By the end, you’ll have a clear roadmap to build your own AutoScout24 clone and capitalize on this growing market.
1. Introduction to AutoScout24 and the Car Marketplace Industry
Before diving into development, it’s important to understand what makes AutoScout24 so successful and the landscape you’re entering. AutoScout24 (founded in 1998) has evolved into a pan-European marketplace for new and used cars, motorcycles, and more. It connects private sellers and 45,000+ dealers with buyers, offering tools for financing, insurance, and even fully online purchases. AutoScout24’s reach and trust were built over decades, but new entrepreneurs can still carve out a niche.
Market Trends:
Online car marketplaces are thriving due to convenience and transparency. Consumers can easily compare prices and options online instead of visiting multiple dealerships. According to Google, an overwhelming 95% of car shoppers use online platforms for information and 76% of buyers search the web before buying. (Source – invoca.com). Used car sales are shifting online rapidly; in the U.S., online channels could account for 18% of used car sales by 2025, up from 10% in 2020. In Europe, used car demand is high as buyers seek affordable options – the average used car price (€24,500) even dipped 6% in 2024 as supply grew. This all points to a ripe opportunity for new car marketplace apps that can serve local or niche needs better.
Key Takeaway: AutoScout24’s scale shows the potential – an AutoScout24 clone app can tap into a huge market if executed well. The industry favors platforms that offer rich listings, trusted reviews, easy communication, and secure transactions. As you set out to build your car marketplace app, keep these industry insights in mind to shape a product that meets market expectations.
2. Step-by-Step Guide to Building an AutoScout24 Clone
Creating an AutoScout24 clone app is a complex project, but breaking it down into clear steps makes it manageable. Based on my research and experience, here’s a step-by-step guide on how to make a car marketplace app like AutoScout24:
Market Research & Idea Validation:
Start with thorough research. Identify your target region and audience – will you focus on a specific country, vehicle type (e.g. used cars, classic cars, trucks), or niche market? Analyze competitors (AutoScout24, Mobile.de, AutoTrader, etc.) to find gaps you can fill. Survey potential users (buyers and sellers) to validate that your idea solves real pain points. At this stage, also define your business model (more on monetization later) and ensure there’s revenue potential. A clear niche and value proposition will guide all later steps.
Define Features and Requirements (MVP Scope):
Next, list out the must-have features for your AutoScout24-like app. Prioritize core functionality that delivers value with minimal complexity – this is your Minimum Viable Product (MVP). Common MVP features include user accounts, car listings with details and photos, search & filters, chat or contact between buyers and sellers, and basic review/ratings. Decide early which platforms to support first (web, Android, iOS) based on your audience. It helps to create a detailed requirements document or user stories for each feature. By defining the scope up front, you can prevent scope creep and keep development on track. (Remember, you can always add advanced features in later updates after launch.)
UI/UX Design:
A user-friendly design is crucial in a marketplace app. Sketch out wireframes for key screens like the home page, search results, listing details, profile pages, etc. Then create high-fidelity mockups with a clean, intuitive interface. Focus on simplicity and navigation – users should be able to easily browse cars, apply filters, and contact sellers. Use design elements similar to AutoScout24 (or other successful apps) that users find familiar, but add your own branding flair. Don’t forget responsive web design if you’re building a web app, so it works smoothly on desktop and mobile browsers. Investing in solid UX design will make your app more engaging and trustworthy, which is vital for a new marketplace.
Choose the Tech Stack & Architecture:
Selecting the right tech stack early on sets the foundation for development. Decide on the frontend, backend, database, and other technologies (we’ll discuss recommendations in the next section). Ensure the stack can support scalability – a car marketplace might start small but could grow to thousands of listings and users. Also choose your architecture: many startups begin with a monolithic architecture for simplicity, but modular or microservices architecture can be beneficial as you scale. Consider whether you’ll build native mobile apps from scratch, use cross-platform frameworks, or start with a mobile-responsive web app. Each choice has cost and time implications: for example, a web-only platform might cost $15k-$50k, but adding native iOS and Android apps could raise it to $40k-$100k. Plan an architecture that balances initial development effort with future expansion in mind.
Development (Backend, Frontend & Mobile):
With designs and tech stack in hand, move into development. Set up your backend server and database first – this will handle user accounts, listings, search queries, images, messages, etc. Common features to implement include user registration/login (with proper security), listing creation & management, search API with filters (by make, model, year, price, location, etc.), and messaging or contact forms. Concurrently, develop the frontend: for web, code the pages for browsing listings and viewing details, etc.; for mobile, implement screens and integrate the backend APIs. It’s wise to start with the MVP features only – avoid gold-plating. Use agile development sprints to build and test features iteratively. As you code, keep performance in mind (e.g., optimize database queries and use caching for faster searches). Also, integrate third-party services as needed – for instance, use a Maps API for location-based searches, or an external service for sending emails/SMS notifications. This stage is the core heavy lifting where your AutoScout24 clone app actually comes to life.
Testing and Quality Assurance:
Before launch, rigorously test your app. In my experience, testing is critical for a marketplace because there are many user flows (browsing, searching, messaging, listing a car, etc.) that must work flawlessly. Perform functional testing on all features: ensure that search results are accurate, listings upload correctly, and user interactions (like inquiries or favorites) are smooth. Don’t forget cross-platform testing – the app should work on various devices, screen sizes, and browsers. Also conduct performance testing (can your app handle, say, 10,000 listings and concurrent users?) and security testing (to protect user data and prevent unauthorized access). It’s helpful to invite a small group of beta testers to use the app in real-world scenarios and provide feedback. Fix any bugs and polish the UX based on testing insights. A well-tested app not only functions better but also builds user trust from day one.
Launch, Marketing, and Iteration:
Finally, prepare for launch. Deploy your backend on a reliable cloud server and publish your website or apps to app stores. It’s wise to launch an MVP in a controlled way – perhaps focusing on one region or a subset of users – to ensure you can handle support and scale gradually.
Marketing is crucial at launch: optimize your app store listings and website for SEO (just like this article is optimized for “AutoScout24 clone” ), leverage social media, and consider targeted ads to reach car buyers/sellers. AutoScout24 and similar platforms have brand recognition, so you need to carve out awareness for your new platform. Offer promotions for early users (e.g. free listing credits) to seed the marketplace.
Post-launch, gather user feedback and usage data. Be prepared to iterate – add features users demand, improve anything causing friction, and fix issues quickly. Building a successful car marketplace app is an ongoing process of learning and improving. Keep an eye on competitor moves and industry trends (like new technologies or consumer preferences) so your AutoScout24 clone stays competitive.
Each of these steps could be an article on its own, but this high-level overview is your blueprint. Next, let’s drill down into the core features your app must have and the technology stack to use.
3. Must-Have Features in a Car Marketplace App (AutoScout24 Clone)
To compete with an established platform like AutoScout24, your app needs to deliver a robust set of features. I like to think of features in three categories – those for the end-users (buyers & private sellers), for the dealers, and for the admin managing the platform. Below are the must-have features for each panel of a car marketplace app:
User Panel Features (Buyers & Private Sellers)
- User Registration & Profiles: Easy sign-up (email, phone, or social login) and profile management. Profiles let users save preferences and manage their listings if they’re selling. For trust, include identity verification options (email/phone verification, maybe even ID for sellers).
- Advanced Car Search & Filters: A powerful search function is the heart of a car marketplace. Users should be able to search by make, model, year, price range, mileage, location, etc. Provide filters for vehicle type (SUV, sedan, EV, etc.), condition (new/used), features (sunroof, navigation), and more. Example: AutoScout24 allows filtering by fuel type, emission standard, and many other criteria.
- Listings with Detailed Info: Each car listing page must include comprehensive details: multiple photos (and even videos), specifications (year, engine, horsepower, etc.), seller description, price, location, and contact info. Consider adding a price evaluation or history tool (AutoScout24 has a price rating tool for fairness). Also, display seller information (for dealers, show dealership name and ratings; for private, maybe just first name and verification badge).
- Favorites and Alerts: Let users save favorite listings and set up alerts for new cars matching their criteria. For instance, a buyer can get notified when a new BMW under €10,000 within 50 km appears. This keeps users engaged and returning to the app.
- Contact Seller / In-App Chat: Enable buyers to contact sellers easily. This could be via an in-app chat messaging system or a simple contact form that emails the seller. In-app chat is great for keeping users on the platform and allowing quick Q&A and negotiation. (Ensure to notify sellers of new inquiries via push or email.)
- Reviews & Ratings: Implement a system for buyers to rate and review dealers (and possibly for sellers to rate buyers). Trust is vital in marketplaces – seeing a dealer with good ratings or a user with verified history helps others feel confident. You might also integrate third-party vehicle history reports (like CARFAX in the US) as a feature or premium add-on for trust.
- Payments (Optional for Transactions): Traditionally, platforms like AutoScout24 don’t process the entire car purchase online (transactions often happen offline). However, newer marketplace models allow online payments or deposits. If you plan to include this, features like secure payment gateway integration, escrow service, or financing options for buyers are needed. (This adds complexity but can differentiate your app if done right.)
Dealer Panel Features
- Dealer Onboarding & Subscription: A dedicated portal for car dealers or auto businesses. Dealers should be able to register, get verified as a business, and choose a listing package (e.g., a subscription plan or pay-per-listing model). For example, AutoScout24 charges dealers for listings on a subscription basis or per ad basis in some cases.
- Inventory Listing Management: Dealers need tools to upload and manage multiple listings efficiently. This includes bulk upload (maybe via CSV or integration with dealer management systems), editing listings, and marking cars as sold. High-volume sellers will appreciate automation, so consider offering an API or feed integration that auto-uploads their inventory.
- Lead Management & Messaging: A dashboard for dealers to view inquiries from buyers, respond to messages, and track leads. They should be able to see buyer contact info (if provided), inquiry history, and respond directly via the app’s messaging system. Timely follow-up is crucial – remember that 37% of online leads can be lost if not addressed within 24 hoursinvoca.com.
- Dealer Profile and Reviews: A public dealer page listing their dealership info, location, and all their vehicles for sale. It’s effectively a mini-storefront within your app. It should show the dealer’s ratings/reviews from customers, building credibility. Dealers should be able to customize their profile with a logo, business hours, etc.
- Analytics and Performance: Provide dealers with insights into their listings’ performance – e.g., number of views per listing, clicks, inquiries, and sold stats. This will help them see the ROI of using your platform. If you offer premium features (like promoted listings), analytics can show the uplift in views from those.
- Promoted Listings / Advertising: Give dealers the option to boost their listings for more visibility (for a fee). From the dealer panel, they should be able to purchase featured spots (e.g., appear at top of search or on homepage) or run banner ads. This feature not only adds value for dealers but is also a monetization avenue for you (we’ll discuss monetization soon).
- Integration with Dealer Tools: High-tier dealers might want integration with CRM or inventory management systems they use. While this might be an advanced feature for later, it’s worth noting. Even simple export of leads or inventory data as Excel can help dealers use their existing tools.
Admin Dashboard Features
- User & Listing Management: As the platform owner/admin, you need a backend dashboard to oversee everything. Key features include managing user accounts (approve dealers, ban fraudulent users), and moderating listings. You should be able to review any new vehicle listing (especially from private sellers) for approval or flag ones that violate terms (e.g., fraudulent posts, prohibited items).
- Content Moderation & Reviews: The admin panel should aggregate user-generated content like vehicle listings, user reviews, comments, etc., allowing you to remove inappropriate content. For instance, if a listing with obviously inaccurate information or a spam comment appears, you can take it down. A reporting mechanism for users to report issues can feed into the admin system.
- Analytics Dashboard: To make informed decisions, track metrics like active listings, new listings per day, number of sales (if tracked), user sign-ups, traffic sources, etc. You might integrate tools like Google Analytics for web traffic, but also have internal stats for marketplace health (e.g., ratio of buyers to listings, response times to inquiries, etc.). Real-time analytics can help you identify trends and optimize the platform.
- Monetization Management: If you charge fees (listing fees, subscriptions, advertising), the admin backend should have financial reports. Monitor revenue, process payouts if you collect payments (e.g., if you hold funds in escrow or collect commissions, you’ll need to pay out to sellers). Also manage promotional codes or discounts from here.
- System Configuration: Basic settings for the platform – categories (car makes/models database), location settings, featured car settings, etc. For example, you may need to update the list of car manufacturers or add new filter criteria; an admin interface for such configurations is helpful.
- Notifications & Support Tools: Admins should be able to send out notifications or newsletters to users (for marketing or important updates). Also, integrate an admin view of support tickets or inquiries sent by users so you can respond. Having a built-in support chat or ticketing that admins manage ensures users get help when needed, contributing to trust.
These features list might look long, but remember you don’t need every advanced feature on day one. Focus on the core features (search, listings, profiles, contact) for your MVP. You can then gradually add things like detailed analytics, integrations, or advanced filters based on user feedback. AutoScout24’s own platform evolved over years – your AutoScout24 clone can start lean and add features as your user base grows.
4. Recommended Tech Stack (Frontend, Backend, Mobile, Cloud, Database, etc.)
Choosing the right technology stack is a critical decision when building an AutoScout24-like car marketplace. The tech stack will impact your development speed, app performance, and scalability. From my experience, here’s a recommended tech stack breakdown for each component of a car marketplace app:
Frontend Tech Stack For AutoScout24 (Web):
For a modern, responsive web application, I recommend using a JavaScript framework like React.js or Angular. These frameworks enable dynamic, fast-loading interfaces and are well-suited for building features like real-time search filters and interactive maps.
React with Next.js can also help with server-side rendering for better SEO (useful since you want those car listing pages to rank on Google).
Vue.js is another lightweight option if your team prefers it. Ensure the frontend is mobile-responsive; many users will access via mobile browsers even if you have native apps.
Mobile Apps Tech Stack
If you aim to launch on smartphones (which is highly recommended, as many car shoppers use mobile apps), you have a few options:
- Native Apps: Develop separately for iOS (Swift/Objective-C) and Android (Kotlin/Java) for best performance and UI consistency.
- Native is ideal if you want the best user experience and plan complex features (AR car view, etc.) down the road.
- Cross-Platform: Use a framework like Flutter or React Native to build one codebase for both iOS and Android. This can save time and cost.
- Flutter, in particular, has gained popularity for marketplace apps due to its fast development cycle and native-like performance.
- Starting with cross-platform can be smart for an MVP to cover both platforms quickly. As your app grows, you might later move to fully native for advanced features. Keep in mind the earlier note: adding mobile apps will increase the budget, but cross-platform development can mitigate that.
Backend (Server-side) Technologies for AutoScout24
The backend is the engine of your marketplace, handling all the heavy lifting like database operations and business logic. Some robust backend tech choices:
Node.js with Express or NestJS – great for building RESTful APIs quickly using JavaScript/TypeScript. Node is non-blocking and can handle a high number of concurrent requests (useful when many users search or message simultaneously).
Python with Django or Flask – Python’s Django framework comes with a lot of built-in functionality and an admin panel out-of-the-box, which can speed up development. Flask is lighter if you want more control.
Ruby on Rails – Rails is a mature framework that favors convention over configuration, allowing rapid development of MVPs. It’s well-suited for marketplace features and has plugins (gems) for common needs.
Java or Kotlin (Spring Boot, for example) or C# .NET Core – these are enterprise-grade options if you prioritize scalability, type safety, and robustness, though they might require more development time initially.
Whichever backend stack you choose, make sure to implement a well-structured REST API (or GraphQL if you prefer) that your frontend and mobile apps will use to fetch and update data. Also, consider using microservices for separate components (e.g., a dedicated service for search, another for payments) if your app grows, but to start, a monolithic app is fine for simplicity.
Database:
For storing data, you’ll likely need a relational database because of the structured info (users, listings, etc.) and the need for complex queries (filters, sorting).
- PostgreSQL or MySQL are solid choices. PostgreSQL offers powerful querying and GIS extensions (useful if you do geolocation-based search). MySQL/MariaDB is also widely used in marketplaces.
- Consider a NoSQL database like MongoDB for certain aspects if needed – for example, storing sessions, caching user search histories, or if you have very flexible data. But core data (listings, user profiles) typically fit well in SQL.
- Elasticsearch (or SOLR) is highly recommended as a search engine for your car listings. While you can query a SQL database for listings, using a dedicated search engine will greatly improve search speed and allow advanced filtering, free-text search, and facets (e.g., count of listings by make/model). Elasticsearch can index all your car listings and handle queries like “show all 2018–2020 SUVs under $20k within 50 miles of Berlin” very efficiently.
- Redis – use an in-memory store like Redis for caching frequent queries (like common searches, or homepage listings) and for managing sessions or rate limiting. This will improve performance and scalability.
Cloud Hosting & Infrastructure:
Deploying your AutoScout24 clone on a reliable cloud platform will ensure it’s available and scales as traffic grows.
- Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a popular choice, offering services like EC2 (servers), S3 (for storing images and media), RDS (managed database), and Elasticache (Redis) among others. AWS can auto-scale your instances based on load, which is useful if your traffic is spiky.
- Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and Microsoft Azure are equally capable alternatives with similar offerings (Google’s Compute Engine, Cloud SQL, etc. or Azure’s VM and database services).
- Using cloud services can save you time – for example, using AWS S3 or GCP Cloud Storage to store user-uploaded car photos is better than hosting them on your own server, as it provides high availability and CDN integration for fast delivery.
- Consider containerization (Docker) and orchestration (Kubernetes) if you want a portable and scalable deployment approach. This can be overkill for an early-stage app, but if you have multiple microservices or want easy scaling, Kubernetes on AWS EKS or GCP GKE might be beneficial.
- Don’t forget about CDN (Content Delivery Network): Services like CloudFront or Cloudflare can cache static content (images, scripts) globally to improve load times for users across Europe and the US.
APIs & Third-Party Services: Integrating external services can accelerate development:
- Maps and Location: Use Google Maps API or OpenStreetMap for features like location search, maps on listings, and distance calculations (“distance from me” filter).
- Payment Gateway: If you allow online payments (for car deposits, or for dealer subscriptions), integrate a secure payment provider like Stripe, Braintree, or PayPal. They handle compliance for payments and can split payments if needed (useful for marketplace commission models).
- Authentication & Security: For user login, you can use OAuth social logins (Facebook, Google, Apple) via their APIs to simplify sign-up. Implement multi-factor authentication for extra security on accounts.
- Notifications: Use services like Firebase Cloud Messaging or OneSignal for push notifications on mobile (new message alerts, etc.), and an email service (SendGrid, Mailgun) for transactional emails (like confirmation emails, password resets).
- Analytics & Crash Reporting: Implement tools like Google Analytics (for web) and Firebase Analytics or Flurry (for mobile) to track user behavior. Also use crash reporting (Sentry, Crashlytics) to catch and fix app errors.
With this tech stack, you’ll cover all bases to build a scalable, secure, and high-performing car marketplace app. For example, a combination I’ve seen work well is: React front-end, Flutter for mobile, Node.js + Express backend, PostgreSQL database with Elasticsearch for search, all deployed on AWS using EC2 and S3. This is just one of many viable combinations – choose what your development team is most productive with, and what aligns with your scalability needs.
Pro Tip: Don’t over-engineer initially. It’s tempting to use cutting-edge tech, but what matters most is reliability and speed to market. Ensure whatever stack you choose, you have developers (or hire developers) with experience in those technologies. Also, set up proper DevOps from day one – use version control (Git) and have a staging environment to test updates before they go live. This will save you headaches during deployment and scaling.
5. Estimated Cost to Build a Car Marketplace App Like AutoScout24 (MVP vs. Full Feature)
One of the first questions entrepreneurs ask is: How much does it cost to build an AutoScout24 clone app? The truth is, it can vary widely based on scope and region, but I’ll break down some estimates. Building a car marketplace is a significant investment – after all, AutoScout24 and AutoTrader are multi-million dollar platforms. However, you can start with an MVP at a fraction of that cost. Let’s look at the estimated cost from MVP to a full-featured version:
According to industry research, a basic car listing platform with essential features can cost roughly $35,000 to $60,000 to develop. This budget would cover a simple MVP: a web application (and maybe a basic mobile app or responsive site) with core features like listings, search, user accounts, and simple messaging. On the other end, a more advanced, full-featured car marketplace (with native mobile apps, extensive features, and high scalability) can range from $100,000 up to $250,000 or more.
To give a clearer picture, here’s a comparison of an MVP vs. a full product:
| Version | Scope & Features | Estimated Development Cost | Timeline (Approx.) |
|---|---|---|---|
| MVP (Basic) | Core features only: user accounts, basic listing CRUD, search & filters, messaging or contact form, basic admin tools. Minimal design; maybe one platform (web or cross-platform app). | $40,000 – $80,000 (assuming a small dev team, ~3-6 months work) | ~4–6 months for initial launch |
| Full-Featured | All MVP features plus advanced additions: native iOS & Android apps, advanced filters (geo search, price ratings), secure payments/escrow, dealer subscriptions, analytics, scaling for millions of users. Polished UI/UX across platforms. | $150,000 – $300,000+ (larger team, integrating more features and scalability) | ~9–12+ months for full development |
Sources: Real-world cost guides indicate basic platforms ~$50k and complex ones in the low six-figures. Timelines are typically 4-5 months for an MVP and up to a year for a robust app.
Keep in mind these are ballpark figures. Your actual cost will depend on several factors:
- Development Team & Location: Developers’ rates vary by region. Hiring talent in North America or Western Europe is more expensive (hourly rates can be $50–$150), whereas developers in Eastern Europe, India, or Southeast Asia might charge $20–$50/hour with high-quality work. An MVP might take ~2,000+ hours to build; multiply that by hourly rates to estimate cost. For example, 2,000 hours * $40/hour = $80,000.
- Number of Platforms: If you develop for web, iOS, and Android simultaneously with separate native apps, your cost increases significantly (nearly 3x work). Using cross-platform frameworks can reduce duplicate effort. Some startups start with just a website or just a mobile app to control costs.
- Feature Complexity: Every extra feature (e.g., implementing an AI-based price recommendation tool, or a complex filter UI, or real-time chat vs simple email contact) will add to cost. Prioritize features that are essential to your unique value proposition. “Nice-to-have” features can be scheduled for later once you have traction and funding.
- Third-Party Services: Utilizing services (like map APIs, payment processing) often have usage costs. For instance, Google Maps API is free up to a limit but can charge after a quota. Payment gateways take a percentage of transactions. While these aren’t development costs per se, they affect operational costs.
- Design & UX Effort: A top-notch UI/UX designer might be a separate cost. This is often worth it, as a smooth user experience can set your app apart. If budget is tight, you might use template designs or component libraries initially and refine the design in later updates.
- Testing and Iteration: Don’t overlook QA costs – either time from your team or hiring QA engineers. It’s common to allocate 15-20% of development time to testing and bug fixing. This is essential for a marketplace app where trust and functionality are paramount.
One thing I always emphasize: building the app is just one part of the cost. After launch, you’ll need to budget for marketing (which could easily be tens of thousands of dollars if you aim to grow quickly) and ongoing maintenance. In fact, launching the app often costs an additional $10k–$30k in marketing and deployment expenses, and you should expect $10k+ per year in server, maintenance, and updates costs as the platform runs.
However, don’t be intimidated by the high-end figures. Many successful startups begin with a lean product on a modest budget and then reinvest revenue or raise funds to expand. You can also explore alternative development strategies to save costs, such as using a white-label marketplace solution or a clone script (some companies sell pre-made car marketplace code). These can sometimes get you started for less, though you’ll trade off uniqueness and flexibility (more on alternatives later).
To sum up, an AutoScout24-like app requires a serious investment, but if executed well, it can tap into a lucrative market. As one development agency put it, “At the very least, developing a car marketplace platform like [AutoTrader] would cost between $50,000 and $200,000”. Plan your features smartly, perhaps start with a limited geography or audience, and make every dollar count by focusing on features that provide the highest value to users.
6. Estimated Time to Develop such an App
Time is money in development, and knowing the timeline is as important as the cost. How long does it take to build a car marketplace app like AutoScout24? It depends on the app’s complexity and your development approach, but here are general timelines based on different scopes:
- MVP Development: Approximately 4–6 months of development for a basic version. This assumes you have a small, focused team (perhaps 2-5 developers, plus one designer) working on core features. In about half a year, you can usually design, build, and launch an MVP that includes the essentials (web frontend, backend, database, basic features). For example, a source suggests ~4-5 months for an MVP with extensive work. Keep in mind, this timeline can be shorter if using very rapid development tools or existing templates, or longer if the scope isn’t tightly managed.
- Mid-Level Version: If you want to include more features or platforms (say web + one mobile platform) and polish the product, it might take around 6–9 months. This might include additional functionality like a refined UI, some advanced search features, etc., beyond the barebones MVP. A quoted figure was ~6-7 months for a mid-level app with more functionality and a robust backend to support growth.
- Full-Featured Product: For a full-scale AutoScout24 clone with all the bells and whistles, plan for 9–12 months (up to a year or more) of development. This includes building native apps for iOS and Android, implementing every feature discussed (payments, extensive filters, admin systems, etc.), and ensuring the system can scale and handle analytics, reporting, etc. Enterprise-level features like real-time analytics dashboards, complex AI pricing tools, or multi-language support across countries can push this timeline beyond 12 months. Essentially, you’re looking at a year+ of development to catch up with what AutoScout24 has built over decades.
These timelines assume development from scratch. A well-organized team using agile methodology can overlap some stages (e.g., backend and frontend dev happening in parallel). Also, using ready-made solutions or APIs can shorten development – for instance, using Firebase for authentication or some SaaS for chat might save a few weeks compared to building those in-house.
Factors affecting AutoScout24 Development Timeline:
- Team Size & Expertise: A larger team can of course get work done faster, but with diminishing returns (and higher costs). A small, highly-experienced team can often outpace a larger junior team. If you hire a seasoned app development agency, they might deliver an MVP faster due to prior experience with similar projects.
- Clarity of Requirements: One reason projects get delayed is changing or unclear requirements. The step-by-step planning you did will pay off here. If you have clearly defined features (especially MVP scope), developers can work efficiently. If you keep adding features mid-development, expect delays. It’s usually better to launch sooner with fewer features, then iterate.
- Concurrent Platform Development: If you choose to develop web, iOS, and Android all at once natively, you’ll need parallel teams, which can be complex to coordinate. Some companies stagger this – e.g., launch web first, then add mobile, or use cross-platform to do mobile in one go. Cross-platform development (Flutter/React Native) can cut timeline by roughly 30% compared to building two separate native apps, since you write one codebase.
- Testing & Buffer: Always include time for testing and bug fixing. A common mistake is underestimating this. A rule of thumb: for every 4 weeks of development, allow ~1 week for testing/fixes. Also, after initial launch, you might do a beta phase (maybe 1 month) where the app is soft-launched to a smaller audience to iron out any issues before a big marketing push.
- External Dependencies: Integrating third-party services or APIs can sometimes cause delays if there are issues (e.g., waiting on approval for App Store listing, or dealing with a tricky payment API). Plan buffer time for these.
In practice, if you’re starting today with an idea and a bit of preparation, you could realistically have a functional MVP of your car marketplace app in about 5-6 months. From there, adding more features and refining the product is an ongoing process. AutoScout24 itself continuously updates its platform; likewise, your project timeline doesn’t really “end” at launch – it just transitions into continuous development and improvement.
As a final note on timing: sometimes entrepreneurs opt for a “no-code” or low-code approach to launch faster (using marketplace builder tools). While this can get an ultra-basic version up in perhaps a few weeks, for a serious, scalable AutoScout24 clone, you will eventually need custom development. Use time estimates wisely to plan your go-to-market strategy (for example, if you want to catch a seasonal market like summer car sales, work backwards from that date to see if development can be done in time).
7. Business Model and Monetization Strategies
Building a great app is only half the battle – you also need a sustainable business model. How will your AutoScout24-like app make money and provide value to you and any investors? Fortunately, online car marketplaces have several proven monetization strategies. Let’s explore how you can generate revenue from your car marketplace app:
Listing Fees (Pay-per-Listing):
Charge users a fee to list a vehicle for sale. This model is common if your platform targets private sellers. For example, you might allow a basic listing for free but charge for premium listings or longer-duration listings. AutoScout24 in some regions charges private sellers a fee (e.g., ~CHF 59 for 2 weeks in Switzerland). This ensures only serious sellers post and generates revenue per listing. You can offer tiered packages: a standard listing (small fee) vs. featured listing (higher fee) that gets more visibility.
Pros: Immediate revenue per listing. Cons: Charging individuals may drive them to free platforms (like Craigslist or Facebook Marketplace), so you must offer enough value (large audience, better chance to sell) to justify the fee.
Dealer Subscription Plans:
Auto dealers are typically the main paying customers on car marketplaces. The common approach is to offer subscription packages for dealers. For a monthly fee, a dealer can post up to X number of cars and get access to dealer tools. For instance, AutoScout24 and competitors often have packages where dealers pay a flat monthly rate to list their inventory and get leads. You could have different tiers (Basic Dealer – up to 20 listings/month, Premium Dealer – unlimited listings + featured placements, etc.) and charge accordingly.
Pros: Predictable recurring revenue and strong relationships with dealers. Cons: You need to demonstrate value to the dealer (quality leads, large audience), so early on you might offer free trials or discounts to sign up dealers until you have buyer traffic.
Featured Listings & Ads (Premium Placement):
This is a big one for monetization. You can allow sellers (private or dealer) to pay for featured placement. For example, “Promote your car to the top of search results for $X” or “Homepage spotlight for $Y per day.” Many sellers will pay extra to sell their car faster. Additionally, you can sell advertising spots on your app – for instance, banner ads or targeted ads for related services (insurance, lenders, etc.). AutoScout24 likely earns from ads as well (e.g., finance companies advertising loans). Google AdSense or similar can fill ad slots, but direct partnerships yield more revenue (once you have traffic). Pros: Scales with your user base; even a free user can become paying by promoting their listing. Cons: Need enough users/traffic to make these options attractive; too many ads can hurt user experience, so balance is key.
Transaction Commission (Service Fee):
If your platform facilitates transactions (e.g., using an escrow service for car purchases or online checkout for deposits), you can take a commission or service fee from each transaction. For example, you might take a 1-5% fee of the sale price or a flat fee for coordinating a sale. Some newer car marketplaces (especially those that handle the whole purchase online) make money this way instead of charging listing fees. If implementing this, ensure the transaction process adds value – such as secure payment, money-back guarantee if something goes wrong, etc. Pros: High revenue potential per sale, aligns with success (you earn when a car sells). Cons: You may need escrow licenses or payment facilitation permissions; also, if people close the deal off-platform (which often happens to avoid fees), you lose that revenue.
Ancillary Services (Affiliate Revenue):
Cars come with additional needs – think insurance, financing, warranty, transport, etc. Your app can partner with providers of these services and earn referral fees or commissions. For instance, integrate an auto loan quote system (through a bank or fintech partner) and get a referral fee for each user who takes a loan. Likewise, refer buyers to insurance companies (some marketplaces show insurance quotes next to the car listing). Another example: offer paid vehicle inspection services or history reports (you could partner with a company like CARFAX or a local mechanic network – the user pays a fee for an inspection report and you get a cut). These add value to users and generate extra revenue. Pros: Diversifies income, enhances user experience (one-stop-shop for car buying needs). Cons: Requires partnerships and integration; uptake might be slower until you have volume.
Freemium Features / Plus Membership:
Consider a freemium model where basic usage is free but power users pay for extra features. For example, buyers could pay for a premium membership that alerts them 1 day early to new listings before others, or gives them access to advanced search filters or exclusive deals. Sellers might pay for tools like an auto-promote that bumps their listing periodically, or detailed analytics on their listing’s views. AutoScout24 reportedly has Plus products for private users (which contributed ~28% of its revenue in 2021). Pros: Monetizes serious users while keeping platform open to casual users. Cons: Need to ensure the premium features are compelling enough that users will pay; also have to maintain two tiers of service.
Advertising Data & Insights:
Once your platform grows, there’s potential to monetize data (in aggregate and anonymized) or offer market insights. For instance, you could sell reports on used car price trends, or charge for API access to your listings (some companies might pay to get a feed of listings for their own sites). You could also allow third-party integrations and charge API usage fees. This is a more advanced strategy once you have a significant amount of data and industry presence.
For a new startup, I recommend focusing on dealer subscriptions and featured listing fees as primary revenue streams. Those are the bread-and-butter for many marketplaces because dealers have marketing budgets to spend and are willing to pay for leads and visibility. Private sellers can supplement revenue via listing fees or upsells, but in many markets (especially US), private individuals expect to list for free and might balk at fees – in Europe, paying a small fee is a bit more accepted if the platform has reach.
Balancing Free vs Paid:
In the beginning, you might lean on a “free or low-cost” strategy to populate your marketplace. Remember, a marketplace is about liquidity – you need cars and buyers. Charging too much too soon can deter users and kill the network effects before they start. Many platforms seed content for free and monetize once they have volume. You could, for example, let all private sellers list free for the first 6 months to build inventory, or give new dealers a 3-month free trial. As your user base grows, gradually introduce or increase fees where appropriate.
Also ensure your payment flows and value propositions for each paying user are clear. If I’m a dealer paying $200/month, I need to see that I’m getting inquiries and selling cars thanks to your app – otherwise I’ll cancel. If I’m a private seller paying $50 for a listing, I expect my car to get good visibility and ideally sell. Metrics like time-to-sale, number of leads, etc., become selling points for your platform to justify the fees.
8. Legal and Compliance Considerations (Europe and US)
Launching a car marketplace app means dealing with significant legal and compliance obligations, especially in regions like Europe and the United States. Both the automotive sector and online marketplaces have regulations to follow. Drawing from my research, here are key legal considerations to keep your platform in line and build trust with users:
Data Privacy (GDPR, CCPA, etc.):
Since your platform will handle personal data (names, contact info, possibly driver’s license or payment data), you must comply with data protection laws. In Europe, the GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) is paramount – it requires you to obtain clear user consent for data collection, allow users to access or delete their data, and ensure proper data security. In California (and other US states), laws like CCPA/CPRA give users rights over their personal data as well. Your app should have a clear Privacy Policy explaining what data is collected and how it’s used. Implement features like cookie consent banners (for web) and options to delete accounts/data. Non-compliance can lead to hefty fines (and reputational damage), so take this seriously from day one.
Tip: Use strong encryption for data in transit (HTTPS) and at rest for sensitive info, and limit data collection to only what’s necessary for the service.
User Security and Fraud Prevention:
A marketplace must protect its users from scams and fraud. Legally, while you may disclaim responsibility for transactions (e.g., “we are not party to the sale, just a facilitator”), if your platform is rife with fraud, regulators and customers will lose trust. Implement measures to verify sellers (especially dealers should provide business licenses or proof of dealership). Watch out for common scams (like curbstoning – unlicensed dealers posing as private sellers, or fraudulent listings).
Have clear Terms of Service that outline acceptable use and penalties for fraud. An example clause might state that providing false information can lead to account suspension. Also consider an escrow service or at least guidance to users on safe payment practices (to avoid, say, someone paying a deposit to a fake seller). In the US, while there isn’t a specific law for online car marketplaces, general fraud laws apply – you want to show you took reasonable steps to prevent and address fraud.
Consumer Protection & Lemon Laws:
Car sales, especially used cars, are subject to consumer protection regulations. In the US, “Lemon Laws” protect buyers of defective vehicles, but they usually apply to dealers selling to consumers. Since your app may connect private parties, clarify that transactions are as-is between buyer and seller. However, you might be expected to facilitate certain disclosures – for example, in some jurisdictions, dealers must disclose if a car is salvaged or has accidents. In Europe, professional sellers (dealers) must often provide a warranty for a limited period; if they list on your platform, ensure they are aware and comply.
You might need to differentiate dealer listings vs private listings in how they’re labeled, since consumer rights differ. For example, EU regulations require that consumers know when they’re buying from a business (to have their EU consumer law protections). So your app could tag listings as “Private Seller” or “Dealer” clearly.
Platform Liability and Terms:
Draft comprehensive Terms of Service (ToS) and User Agreements. Generally, you want clauses that limit your liability – e.g., “The platform is a venue to connect buyers and sellers; we do not guarantee the condition of vehicles, authenticity of listings, or complete transactions.” Basically, if a deal goes bad, you don’t want to be legally liable for the car’s condition or either party’s behavior. Also include dispute resolution terms (some platforms offer dispute assistance, but you might simply say disputes are between buyer/seller). If you allow transactions through the app, you might need additional terms for payments (and comply with payment industry regulations or escrow laws). It’s wise to have a legal professional draft or review your ToS and Privacy Policy to ensure they’re enforceable and cover jurisdictional differences (EU wording vs US wording for certain clauses, for instance).
Advertising and Listings Regulations:
In some places, how you advertise vehicles must meet standards. For example, in the EU, there are rules about advertising the correct emissions category or indicating if a price includes VAT. Ensure your listing forms capture necessary info from sellers to comply with local laws (e.g., in Germany, showing “TÜV” inspection validity for used cars, or in the US, not allowing odometer tampering). Also be mindful of intellectual property – if sellers upload images, ensure they have rights to them or they give you the right to display them. If you integrate maps or certain data (like car specifications), make sure you have the license to use that data.
Compliance with Online Marketplace Laws:
The EU’s Digital Services Act (DSA) and similar regulations aim to increase accountability of online platforms. Marketplaces may be required to verify business sellers, handle user complaints, and remove illegal content promptly. The DSA (effective 2024) requires, for example, that marketplaces have a mechanism for users to report illegal products/content and to inform users of any content removal decisions, etc. While it often targets larger “gatekeeper” platforms, as your app grows you should be aware of these obligations. In the US, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act offers platforms some protection for user-generated content (meaning you’re not liable for what users post), but if you actively curate or involve yourself in transactions, that could change. Having a robust content moderation policy and sticking to it will help keep you on the right side of these laws.
Payments and Financial Regulations:
If your platform handles payments (like holding a buyer’s payment for a car or processing transactions), you might need to comply with financial regulations. In the US, for example, holding consumer funds might require a money transmitter license in some states. Many startups avoid that by using third-party payment processors that assume the compliance burden (like Stripe’s marketplace offerings). Still, be aware – facilitating vehicle purchases online may involve title transfer issues, escrow rules (some states require any escrow agent to be licensed), etc. In Europe, payment processing is heavily regulated under PSD2; use an authorized payment institution’s services to cover that. Also, if you offer financing through partners, ensure those partners follow lending laws and you’re properly handling user credit data (e.g., if you collect info to send to lenders, that data is sensitive).
Insurance and Liability:
If you offer test-drive arrangements or delivery (some marketplaces do), consider the insurance implications. Ensure you clarify that it’s the seller’s responsibility to have insurance during test drives, etc. If you partner with a delivery service for cars, have clear contracts on who’s liable if a car is damaged in transit. It might be wise to have general liability insurance for your business as well, just in case of lawsuits.
It’s a lot to take in, but the bottom line is: prioritize user trust and legal compliance from the start. An example of building trust is how some platforms highlight security measures – you can do similarly: transparent data practices, clear buyer/seller guidelines, and swift action on any fraud reports. A compliant and safe platform not only avoids legal trouble but also makes users more comfortable using your app to buy or sell high-value items like cars.
Lastly, if you operate in multiple countries, you may need to localize these compliance efforts. For instance, in Europe you’ll implement GDPR-related features; in the US, focus on things like FTC guidelines for online marketplaces. Always consult with a legal expert familiar with tech and automotive law in your target markets to cover all bases.
9. Alternatives to AutoScout24 Clone Apps
As you plan to build your car marketplace app, it’s worth considering the alternatives and competitive landscape. By alternatives, I mean both the existing competitor platforms in the market and alternative ways to achieve your goal (besides coding your own app from scratch). Here’s what to keep in mind:
Existing Car Marketplace Competitors (and What They Offer):
The used car marketplace space is quite crowded, especially in Europe and the US. Understanding these players helps you differentiate your AutoScout24 clone and identify features or niches to focus on. Some notable platforms:
Mobile.de (eBay Kleinanzeigen Autos):
Germany’s leading car marketplace (formerly owned by eBay). Similar scale to AutoScout24 in Germany. It’s very dealer-friendly and known for a vast inventory. If you target Germany, you’d be competing with these two giants; you might differentiate by focusing on a niche (e.g., classic cars or a specific region).
AutoTrader
(autotrader.com in the US and autotrader.co.uk in the UK): A pioneer in online car listings. The US AutoTrader is heavily dealer-focused and charges dealers for listings. The UK Auto Trader is the go-to platform there. They have strong brands and trust. Competing directly in those markets means you need a unique selling point (better UI, lower fees, or a specialized category like private-seller-only or certified cars only).
Cars.com & CarGurus (US):
These are major US car marketplaces. Cars.com works closely with dealerships and is like a classified listing site. CarGurus differentiates by using data algorithms to rate deals (e.g., “Great Deal”, “Fair Price”) – an interesting feature you might consider for your app. CarGurus also expanded to some European countries in recent years.
Carvana and Vroom (US):
These are more online dealerships than open marketplaces – they own the inventory and sell directly. Carvana’s model is buying cars, reconditioning them, and selling with delivery. While not a peer-to-peer marketplace, they are an alternative for consumers who want an online car buying experience with more assurance. If your target market has players like these, think about how to compete (maybe you remain a pure marketplace without taking inventory risk, but you could incorporate some assurances like money-back guarantees in partnership with dealers).
Facebook Marketplace & Craigslist:
These are the free, general marketplaces where a lot of used car transactions happen, especially for private sales. Facebook Marketplace in particular has become a popular way to sell cars locally. The advantage for users is the large audience and no fees, but the downsides are lack of specialization – search and filters are not as robust as dedicated car platforms, and there’s little buyer protection. This is an opportunity: your platform can advertise itself as a safer, more effective alternative to the chaos of Facebook/Craigslist, by offering verified sellers, better filters, and automotive-specific tools.
Niche or Regional Platforms:
Almost every country has its own popular car sites. For example, TrueCar (US) focuses on new car buying and price transparency, BringATrailer (US) for classic and collector cars via auction model, Gumtree (UK/Australia) which has car listings as part of a general classifieds, Dubizzle (Middle East), DubiCars (UAE) which is a marketplace in Dubai, etc. In India, Cars24 and CarDekho are big (though Cars24 is more like Carvana model). It’s useful to research your specific market’s alternatives and see what model they use (classifieds, auctions, dealer aggregator, etc.).
When building your clone, you might decide to position yourself as an alternative in a particular way. For instance, “the marketplace just for private sellers” (no dealers, which could attract people who prefer dealing with owners directly), or vice versa, “a marketplace of only certified dealers” (to ensure quality). Or maybe an alternative could be focusing on a class of vehicles – e.g., an AutoScout24 clone only for electric vehicles or only for luxury cars. These strategic angles help you stand out from generalists like AutoScout24.
Alternative Approaches to Building the AutoScout24 App:
Not everyone will code an app from scratch – there are alternative ways to get a car marketplace up and running:
White-Label / Clone Script Solutions:
There are software providers who sell clone scripts or turnkey marketplace solutions. A quick search for “car marketplace script” might yield options built on WordPress, PHP, etc. For example, some companies offer a ready-made car classifieds website which you can customize with your branding. These can cost far less (sometimes a few hundred to a few thousand dollars) and get you started quickly. However, be cautious: a script may not have all the features you want or the scalability you need. Security and code quality can vary. If you go this route, plan to invest in a developer to customize and secure the platform. It might be a starting point if budget is extremely tight.
Marketplace SaaS Platforms:
Some software-as-a-service (SaaS) platforms let you create a marketplace without coding. For example, Sharetribe is a well-known one for peer-to-peer marketplaces, and it can be configured for various uses (including vehicles). These services handle the heavy lifting of user accounts, listing management, etc., and often are subscription-based. Using a SaaS means you’re limited to their feature set but you avoid a lot of upfront development. This could be an alternative to validate your idea quickly. If it takes off, you might then invest in a custom build for more flexibility.
Frameworks and CMS:
If you have some coding ability but want a head start, you can use web frameworks or CMS plugins. For instance, WordPress with a classifieds plugin could be a way to launch a basic web marketplace quickly. Or use a general e-commerce framework (like Magento or Shopify) and modify it for a multi-vendor car marketplace (though these are product-sales oriented, not listing oriented, so it’s a bit of a stretch). Again, these might not scale or might require significant tweaking, but they are alternatives to building completely from scratch.
Partnering with Existing Platforms:
This is more a business alternative – if building an AutoScout24 clone is daunting, one might consider partnering or becoming a franchise/affiliate of an existing platform. For example, some large platforms might allow local partners or have affiliate programs for referrals. While this means you aren’t building your own brand from scratch, it’s a way to get into the business with less tech development. However, since our focus is on building your own app, this is less appealing if you want full control and brand identity.
In summary, alternatives range from understanding your competitors (so you can offer a better alternative to users) to leveraging pre-built solutions (an alternative way to launch your app). There’s no one-size-fits-all—if you’re aiming to be the next AutoScout24, you likely will invest in custom development to have a unique, scalable product. Yet, it’s wise to study what’s out there:
- Use competitor research to cherry-pick the best features and avoid their pitfalls (read user reviews of those apps to see what people dislike).
- If you need to prove the concept, you can use a quicker alternative like a SaaS or simpler platform to run a pilot, then rebuild properly once you’ve validated demand.
Finally, remember the auto marketplace business is not just tech – it’s about building a community of buyers and sellers. Some entrepreneurs even start by building an audience first (e.g., a popular car forum or social media group) and then layer the marketplace functionality on. That’s an alternative path: grow a car enthusiast community (via content, social, etc.), then provide them the marketplace platform. It can jumpstart the network effect needed for your AutoScout24 clone to thrive.
10. Conclusion – Ready to Build Your AutoScout24 Clone?
Building a car marketplace app like AutoScout24 is undoubtedly a challenging endeavor – but for those with the passion and perseverance, it can also be incredibly rewarding. In this article, I walked through how to create a car marketplace app like AutoScout24 from scratch, covering everything from understanding the industry to the nitty-gritty of tech stacks, features, costs, and compliance.
To recap a few key points:
- Know your market and niche: AutoScout24’s success came from solving real needs in the car buying/selling process. Make sure your idea focuses on a gap in your target market (be it region, vehicle type, or service level). Experience in the automotive field helps – if you have it, leverage it; if not, immerse yourself in learning the pain points of buyers and sellers.
- Start lean with core features: An MVP with essential features (listings, search, communication) can be built in months and for a moderate budget. This lets you launch, learn, and avoid blowing your entire budget upfront. Many features can be added once you have active users.
- Choose reliable tech: A robust yet flexible tech stack (like React + Node.js + PostgreSQL, or your preferred combo) will set you up for success. Don’t underestimate the importance of performance (fast search, image loading) in user satisfaction – it’s part of EEAT too, as a well-performing app shows professionalism and care.
- Monetize smartly and ethically: Plan how you’ll earn revenue, whether through dealer subscriptions, listing fees, or value-added services. At the same time, build trust – users will only pay if they feel your platform offers genuine value and a safe environment. So, invest in user support, verify your sellers, and maintain transparency.
- Mind the legal side: Compliance isn’t optional. Addressing privacy, safety, and legal requirements from the beginning not only avoids lawsuits/fines but also boosts your credibility with users (for instance, being able to say “We care about your privacy and security – here’s what we do…” can be a selling point).
- Be ready to adapt: The automotive market is evolving (think of trends like EVs, online-only car sales, AR/VR car viewings). Be prepared to iterate on your model. Maybe your app will integrate new tech like AI-driven recommendations or blockchain-based ownership records in the future – who knows! Staying informed and agile is part of being an entrepreneur in this space.
In conclusion, creating an AutoScout24 clone app is like building a digital dealership that could potentially host thousands of cars and serve millions of users. It’s a marathon, not a sprint. As per my research and experience, the entrepreneurs who succeed are those who combine industry expertise, user-centric design, a solid tech foundation, and persistent marketing. If you bring all these pieces together, you have a shot at launching the next big car marketplace in Europe, the US, or beyond.
Call to Action: Are you ready to rev up this engine? If you’re an entrepreneur dreaming of your own car marketplace app, the best time to start is now. Begin with planning and prototyping your idea. Talk to potential users, reach out to developers or tech partners, and gather the resources you need. Whether you use this guide to assemble an in-house team or you partner with an app development agency, make sure everyone involved shares your vision for quality and trust.
I encourage you to take action on your AutoScout24 clone idea – the online car market is thriving, and there’s room for innovative newcomers. Who knows, with the right execution, your platform might become the next case study of digital automotive success. So roll up your sleeves, follow the steps, and turn your concept into a reality. Good luck, and I’ll be cheering for your “AutoScout24 2.0” to hit the road!
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